Definition and Components of Lock and Key
– A lock is a mechanical or electronic fastening device that is released by a physical object, secret information, or a combination thereof.
– A key is a device used to operate a lock and consists of a bit blade and a bow.
– The bit blade slides into the keyway of the lock, distinguishing between different keys.
– The bow is left protruding for torque application by the user.
– Locks and keys are designed to provide security and restrict access to authorized individuals.
History of Lock and Key
– Locks have been in use for over 6000 years, with early examples discovered in ancient Assyria.
– The Egyptian wooden pin lock used a key to lift pins within the fixture, allowing the bolt to move.
– The warded lock, dating back to antiquity, is the most recognizable design in the Western world.
– The Romans invented metal locks and keys, often wearing them as rings.
– Special locks, known as ‘drunk man’s locks,’ were designed with decorative foliage and easy keyhole identification.
– With the Industrial Revolution, locks and keys became more complex and sophisticated.
– The lever tumbler lock, invented by Robert Barron in 1778, used levers to prevent bolt movement.
– Jeremiah Chubb improved the lever tumbler lock with an integral security feature.
– Joseph Bramah developed a lock using a cylindrical key with precise notches, challenging locksmiths to pick it.
– Linus Yale Sr. invented the modern pin-tumbler lock in 1848, which is still widely used today.
Lock and Key Variants
– The Chubb detector lock, developed by Jeremiah Chubb, had a security feature to indicate unauthorized access attempts.
– Abraham O. Stansbury patented the double-acting pin tumbler lock in 1805.
– Linus Yale Jr. improved upon his father’s pin-tumbler lock design, patenting a smaller flat key with serrated edges.
– The modern Yale lock is a more developed version of the Egyptian lock.
– Despite improvements in key design, locks today are still based on the designs of Bramah, Chubb, and Yale.
Types of Locks
– Pin tumbler lock: Uses pins of varying lengths to prevent opening without the correct key.
– Wafer tumbler lock: Utilizes wafers pushed down by springs to prevent rotation without the key.
– Tubular lock: Key pins and driver pins are pushed towards the front, preventing rotation without the key.
– Disc-detainer lock: Employs rotating discs with slots that align to allow the key to turn.
– Electronic lock: Relies on electronic components, such as keycards or biometrics, for access control.
Locksmithing and Key Duplication
– Locksmithing is a traditional trade requiring completion of an apprenticeship.
– The level of formal education varies by country.
– Locksmiths may be commercial, mobile, institutional, or investigational.
– Specializations include automotive locks, master key systems, and safe technician.
– Many locksmiths also work on door hardware and implement access control systems.
– Key duplication can be done through traditional key cutting or modern electronic scanning and processing.
– Different key cutting machines use milling or grinding equipment.
– Key duplication is available in retail hardware stores, locksmith services, and online services.Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_(lock)
